一、简介自从1946年世界上出现第一台电子数字计算机以来,计算机的科学发展十分迅速,按照组成计算机的电子器件来划分,至今经历了电子管,晶体管,集成电路和大规模集成电路器代的演变。计算机发展的一个明显趋势是体积越来越小,价格越来越低。以大规模集成电路(LSI)为基础的微型计算机正因为具有体积小,价格低廉,耗电量少等显著优点,自1971年问世以来,得到了迅速发展,已成为现代电子计算机的一个重要发展方向。 I. INTRODUCTION Since the first electronic digital computer appeared in the world in 1946, the scientific development of computer has been very rapid. According to the electronic devices that make up a computer, it has undergone the development of tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and large scale integrated circuit Evolution. A clear trend of computer development is getting smaller and smaller, the price is getting lower and lower. Due to the remarkable advantages of small size, low price and low power consumption, LSIs based microcomputers have been rapidly developed since their introduction in 1971 and have become an important development of modern electronic computers direction.