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目的对中山市某镇居民慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)及其相关危险因素进行调查,为有针对性开展社区干预和制订防控措施提供依据。方法 2012年9—12月按照多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在中山市某镇抽取4个村(居委会),每村(居委会)抽取1~2个居民小组(自然村),抽取常住人口400名,按照《成人慢病及其危险因素监测调查表》进行调查。调查内容包括居住人口学、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体育活动与锻炼、饮食情况、体重控制、慢性病相关知识的知晓率、居民血压、血糖、血脂水平以及慢性病的患病情况等。计数资料采用χ2检验,慢性病相关危险因素进行单因素分析,将单因素分析有意义的暴露因素引入多因素Logistic回归模型,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 400名调查对象慢性病患病率为23.25%,由高到低依次为高血压12.25%、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)10.25%、哮喘7.50%、糖尿病2.75%、脑卒中1.25%、心肌梗死0.50%。18~45岁患病率4.93%,45~69岁患病率46.32%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=94.75,P<0.05)。男性吸烟率、被动吸烟率、饮酒率(63.27%、13.78%、35.86%)与女性(2.94%、29.90%、4.90%)比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=165.81、15.15、60.73,均P<0.05)。18~45岁超重率14.80%,肥胖率0.90%;45~69岁超重率27.12%,肥胖率5.08%,比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=9.28、4.98,均P<0.05)。18~45岁参加体育锻炼>30 min/d的7.17%,45~69岁参加体育锻炼>30 min/d的13.56%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.47,P<0.05)。有慢性病家族史中调查者慢性病患病率36.62%;无慢性病家族史中调查者慢性病患病率20.36%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.65,P<0.05)。慢性病患病的主要危险因素有年龄、吸烟、超重和肥胖、家族史4个变量(均P<0.05)。结论慢性病的发生与不良行为和生活方式密切相关,通过健康教育和健康促进,特别是对相关危险因素进行干预,积极引导社区居民戒除不良的生活习惯,才能增进居民健康,降低慢性病患病率,提高生活质量。
Objective To investigate chronic non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases) and related risk factors among residents in a town in Zhongshan City, and to provide the basis for targeted community intervention and prevention and control measures. Methods From September to December in 2012, four villages (neighborhood committees) were taken from a certain town in Zhongshan City according to a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. One to two residents’ groups (villages) were drawn from each village (neighborhood committee) Name, according to “adult chronic disease and risk factors monitoring survey” to investigate. The survey included population demographics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity and exercise, diet, weight control, knowledge of chronic diseases, residents’ blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Counting data using χ2 test, univariate analysis of risk factors related to chronic diseases, univariate analysis of significant exposure factors into the multivariate Logistic regression model, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The prevalence rate of chronic disease in 400 subjects was 23.25%. The descending order of hypertension was 12.25%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 10.25%, asthma 7.50%, diabetes 2.75%, stroke 1.25%, myocardial infarction 0.50%. The prevalence rate was 4.93% between 18-45 years old and 46.32% between 45-69 years old. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 94.75, P <0.05). The smoking rate, passive smoking rate and drinking rate of men (63.27%, 13.78%, 35.86%) were significantly different from those of women (2.94%, 29.90%, 4.90%) (χ2 = 165.81,15.15,60.73, P <0.05). The overweight rate of 18-45 years old was 14.80%, and the obesity rate was 0.90%. The overweight rate was 27.12% and the obesity rate was 5.08% between 45-69 years old. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.28, 4.98, all P <0.05). Participants physical activity> 7.17% of 30 min / d between 18 and 45 years old, 13.56% of 45 ~ 69 years old participating in physical activity> 30 min / d, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.47, P <0.05). The family history of chronic diseases in the survey of the prevalence of chronic disease was 36.62%; no chronic disease family history survey of chronic disease prevalence rate of 20.36%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.65, P <0.05). The main risk factors of chronic diseases are age, smoking, overweight and obesity, family history of four variables (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of chronic diseases is closely related to bad behavior and lifestyle. Through health education and health promotion, especially intervention of relevant risk factors, community residents can be encouraged to get rid of unhealthy living habits so as to improve residents’ health and reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases. improve the quality of life.