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目的了解医院感染现患率及感染病原菌的变化趋势,以促进合理、规范使用抗菌药物。方法采用横断面调查法对医院2008-2011年某日所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,并将调查结果进行统计、分析。结果 4次共调查住院患者5045例,医院感染237例,感染现患率为4.74%;ICU、神经外科、血液内科等为医院感染的高发科室;高发部位为下呼吸道感染;病原菌送检率平均31.21%,共检出感染病原菌116株,革兰阴性杆菌占67.2%,革兰阳性球菌占19.8%,真菌占12.9%;抗菌药物的使用率及预防用药逐年下降,一联用药比例为74.16%。结论医院感染控制管理工作取得了较好成效,抗菌药物的使用逐渐趋于合理,ICU、神经外科、血液内科及下呼吸道感染仍是今后医院感染工作监控的重点科室及重点部位。
Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infections and the trend of infection of pathogens in order to promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to survey the prevalence of nosocomial infections among all inpatients on a certain day from 2008 to 2011 in the hospital. The survey results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 5045 inpatients and 237 hospital-acquired infections were detected in 4 times. The prevalence rate of infection was 4.74%. ICU, neurosurgery and hematology were the high-risk departments of hospital infection. The high-incidence sites were lower respiratory tract infections. The average incidence of pathogenic bacteria was 31.21 %. A total of 116 strains of pathogens were detected. Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 67.2%, Gram-positive cocci accounted for 19.8% and fungi accounted for 12.9%. Antibiotics use rates and prophylaxis rates decreased year by year, with a combined ratio of 74.16%. Conclusion The management of hospital infection control has achieved good results. The use of antimicrobial agents has become more and more reasonable. ICU, neurosurgery, hematology and lower respiratory tract infection are still the key departments and focal points for future hospital infection monitoring.