目的探索１８５ｋＢｑ１４Ｃ尿素呼气试验（ＵＢＴ）诊断幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）的可行性及ＵＢＴ计数与Ｈｐ定量及炎症的关系．方法共１６１例，ＵＢＴ在内镜检查前进行，继１８５ｋＢｑ１４Ｃ尿素溶液吸服２０ｍｉｎ后采集呼出气标本；再吸饮３７ｋＢｑ１４Ｃ尿素溶液，１５ｍｉｎ后再收集标本；测定１４ＣＯ２活性．内镜下取胃窦、胃角及胃体粘膜活检，分别作尿素酶试验、培养、组织Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色诊断Ｈｐ及病理学检查（ＨＥ染色）判定炎症，任一部位任两项阳性者判为Ｈｐ阳性，３个部位均阳性为（＋＋＋），２个部位阳性为（＋＋），仅１个部位阳性为（＋），炎症分级参照此标准．结果胃粘膜活检Ｈｐ阳性者８３例（５１６％），ＵＢＴ诊断Ｈｐ的敏感性和特异性分别９４０％和９７４％；Ｈｐ（＋＋＋）与Ｈｐ（＋）组间有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５），但炎症程度与活动性与ｍｉｎ－１无明显相关（Ｐ＞００５）．结论１４ＣＵＢＴ是诊断Ｈｐ高度敏感和特异的方法，其计数和Ｈｐ定量之间有良好的相关性，而与胃粘膜炎症无关． Objective To explore the feasibility of 18.5kBq14C urea breath test (UBT) diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the relationship between UBT count and Hp quantitation and inflammation. Methods A total of 161 cases, UBT before endoscopy, following 18  5kBq14C urea solution was taken 20min after exhaled breath samples; then drinking 37kBq14C urea solution, 15min and then collected specimens; determination of 14CO2 activity. Endoscopic sinus, gastric and gastric mucosal biopsy were taken for urease test, culture, histological examination Giemsa Hp and pathological examination (HE staining) to determine inflammation, any one of the two positive were sentenced to Hp (+++) at 3 sites, (++) at 2 sites, positive (+) at 1 site, and the inflammation grade was based on this standard. Results The sensitivity and specificity of UBT in diagnosing Hp were 940% and 974%, respectively. There were significant differences between Hp (+ +) and Hp (+) groups in 83 cases (516% (P <005), but the degree of inflammation and activity had no significant correlation with min-1 (P> 005). Conclusion 14CUBT is a highly sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Hp. There is a good correlation between the count and Hp quantification, but not with gastric mucosal inflammation.