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目的探讨现阶段企业高级管理人员焦虑抑郁问题。方法采用目前较常用的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别对观察组112名、对照组110名企业管理人员进行现场问卷调查。结果(1)观察组发生轻度焦虑的52人(46.4%),中度焦虑的29人(25.9%),严重焦虑的7人(6.3%),无焦虑24人(21.4%);发生轻度抑郁的12人(10.7%),中至重度的10人(8.9%),无抑郁的90人(80.4%)。(2)与SAS、SDS评分显著相关的因素有工作压力、社会支持、生活打击事件、不良嗜好、人际关系、工作岗位稳定性、使用计算机时间等。(3)SAS中选入的因素有工作压力、社会支持、人际关系、工作的稳定和知识量(P<0.01或P<0.05),选入SDS的因素有工作压力、生活打击事件、人际关系、躯体疾病(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论企业高级管理人员这个特殊群体存在着较明显的焦虑情绪,抑郁也有一定的发病率,应根据其特点,有针对性地开展健康教育,提高其心理承受能力。
Objective To explore the anxiety and depression of senior executives in the current stage. Methods The current more commonly used anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and depression self-rating scale (SDS) were 112 in the observation group and 110 in the control group, respectively. Results There were 52 (46.4%) mild anxiety patients, 29 moderate anxiety patients (25.9%), 7 severe anxiety patients (6.3%) and 24 non-anxiety patients (21.4%) in the observation group. 12 (10.7%) with depression, 10 (8.9%) with moderate to severe symptoms and 90 (80.4%) with no depression. (2) Factors significantly related to the SAS and SDS scores were working pressure, social support, life shocks, bad habits, interpersonal relationships, job stability, use of computer time and so on. (3) Factors selected for SAS included job stress, social support, interpersonal relationship, work stability and knowledge (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Factors selected for SDS included job stress, life impact, interpersonal relationship, Somatic disease (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Conclusion This special group of senior managers in enterprises has obvious anxiety and depression, and there is a certain incidence rate. According to their characteristics, health education should be carried out in a targeted manner to improve their psychological endurance.