过去对国营企业特别是大中型企业管理太死,主要问题是经营者的经营自主权太少。因此,贯彻企业所有权与经营权分离的原则,给经营者以充分的经营自主权,是增强企业活力,深化企业改革的关键一环。经营权与所有权不同。企业所有权是指法律确认的企业所有者对生产资料占有、处置、收益并排除他人干涉的一种权利。而经营权则是企业经营者对生产资料的实际占有、支配和使用的权利。所有者和经营者不一定是一个主体。社会主义全民所有制企业,既是相对独立存在的主体,又有自身的经济利益,它的经营权与所有权是可以适当分开的,并且可以转让给能代表全体劳动者利益的经营者。那种认为全民所有制企业一定要由国家管理的看法是片 In the past, the management of state-owned enterprises, especially large and medium-sized ones, was too dead. The main problem was that operators had too little autonomy in their operations. Therefore, implementing the principle of separation of corporate ownership and management rights and giving operators sufficient autonomy in management are the key to enhancing corporate vigor and deepening corporate reform. The right to operate is different from ownership. Enterprise ownership refers to a right recognized by the law as a business owner’s right to possess, dispose of, and benefit from production data and to exclude others from interfering with it. The right to operate is the right of the business operators to actually possess, control and use the means of production. Owners and managers are not necessarily the main body. A socialist enterprise owned by the whole people is not only a relatively independent entity, but also has its own economic interests. Its operating rights and ownership can be appropriately separated and can be transferred to operators who can represent the interests of all workers. The view that the people-owned enterprises must be managed by the state is