神经营养素是一类结构和功能相近的多肽类家族，广泛分布于人体各种组织细胞中，有着重要的生物学特性，在临床已广泛应用，在眼科方面也有研究。对神经营养素及其受体在视网膜组织的分布作了描述和分析，并对神经营养素在视网膜及视神经疾病方面的基础及临床研究作了综述。 Neurotrophins are a class of polypeptide families with similar structure and function. They are widely distributed in various tissues and cells of the human body and have important biological characteristics. They have been widely used clinically and have been studied in ophthalmology. The distribution of neurotrophins and their receptors in the retina was described and analyzed, and the basic and clinical researches on neurotrophins in retinal and optic nerve diseases were reviewed.