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通过盆栽试验研究了不同生育期土壤水分亏缺对双季稻生长发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明:双季超级稻生育前期土壤水分亏缺对株高存在较大影响,其中均以拔节孕穗期受土壤水分亏缺影响最重,早稻株高下降4.53%~11.1%,晚稻下降3.09%~10.04%,且水分亏缺程度越重,株高下降越多,而生育后期影响较小。双季超级稻不同生育期土壤水分亏缺处理的叶、穗、根及总的干物质积累量均低于浅水灌溉对照,且均表现为随土壤水分亏缺程度的加剧而积累量越少,根冠比也表现为相同规律。但土壤水分亏缺却一定程度上促进了茎鞘的发育,产生补偿作用,但作用较小。双季超级稻所有土壤水分亏缺处理的产量均低于对照浅水充分灌溉,早稻产量为对照的58.73%~99.42%,晚稻产量为对照的55.15%~96.74%。各生育期的双季稻产量均表现为随土壤水分亏缺的加剧而下降严重。双季超级稻产量受水分亏缺影响敏感程度排序:早稻为拔节孕穗期>有效分蘖期>抽穗开花期>无效分蘖期>乳熟期,晚稻为拔节孕穗期>抽穗开花期>有效分蘖期>乳熟期>无效分蘖期。水分亏缺对双季超级稻有效分蘖期的穗数和拔节孕穗期的穗粒数影响程度最大,可引起大幅减产。无效分蘖期和乳熟期受水分亏缺影响减产程度较小。
Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil water deficit at different growth stages on the growth and yield of double cropping rice. The results showed that the soil water deficit had a great influence on the plant height during the early growth stage of double-cropped super rice. The effects of soil water deficit were the most important at the jointing-booting stage. The plant height of early rice decreased by 4.53% ~ 11.1%, that of late rice decreased by 3.09% ~ 10.04%, and the heavier the water deficit, the more the plant height was reduced, but the less impact during later growth period. The leaf, ear, root and total dry matter accumulation of double cropping super rice at different growth stages were lower than those of shallow water irrigation, and the accumulation of soil water deficit increased with the increase of soil water deficit, Root-crown ratio also showed the same pattern. However, the soil water deficit promoted the development of stem and sheath to a certain degree, and produced the compensatory effect, but the effect was small. The yield of double-season super rice with soil water deficit treatment was lower than that of control shallow water irrigation. The yield of early rice was 58.73% -99.42% of the control and that of late rice was 55.15% -96.74% of the control. The yield of double-crop rice in each growth period showed a serious decline with the increase of soil water deficit. The effect of water deficit on the yield of double-season super rice was ranked as follows: the early rice was the stage of jointing and booting> the effective tillering stage> the stage of heading and flowering> the stage of ineffective tillering> the stage of milky ripening and the late rice was stage of jointing and booting> heading and flowering> effective tillering stage> Milking> invalid tillering stage. Water deficit had the greatest influence on the number of spikelets per panicle at double tillering stage and the number of spikelets per plant at booting stage and booting stage. Invalid tillering stage and milky maturity affected by the water deficit less yield.