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儿童青少年近视眼已成为当今世界视觉问题焦点之一。开展科学并高效的近视眼流行病学调查是发现近视眼发生发展规律、探索相关影响因素、研究问题机制的重要基础，且对近视眼早发现早控制的策略制定至关重要。纵观国内外近视眼流行病学调查，经历了漫长的探索性尝试和逐步规范统一的过程，新技术和新发现亦不断促使近视眼流行病学调查工作的进步。本文针对20世纪至今的社会发展情况及青少年近视眼现患率特征，将近视眼流行病学调查研究归纳为4个阶段，并针对4个阶段的相关研究及结果展开述评，基于不同年代近视眼流行病学调查研究方法和策略、发展和革新，提出现阶段青少年近视眼流行病学调查的重要切入点和研究要素n 。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：245-250）“,”Adolescent myopia has become one of the researchers′ focuses among visual problems around the world. Carrying out a scientific and efficient epidemiological study on myopia is an essential basis for discovering the rules of the occurrence and the development of myopia, exploring related influencing factors and identifying the mechanisms, which are critical for the policy-making for myopia control. The epidemiological studies of myopia at home and abroad have a long history of exploration, standardization and unification, and are enriched by new technologies and up-to-date discoveries. Based on the characteristics of social development and the prevalence of adolescent myopia in the past six decades, the epidemiological studies on myopia are divided into four stages in this article. Each stage is specified and analyzed to identify the difference in research methods and strategies. The main scientific issues and research elements in the current epidemiology of myopia in adolescents are put forward. (n Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57:245-250)