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目的描述与分析补充免疫前后重庆市麻疹流行病学特征,为完善防控策略提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2006-2008年、2013-2015年麻疹高发年份发病资料进行统计分析。结果麻疹疫苗补充免疫前后,麻疹流行病学特征变化主要表现为:时间分布曲线不再保持2006-2008年较为一致的“单峰”分布特征,近3年每年流行时间明显延长;城镇病例构成比以及由主城区报告病例构成比上升明显,成为近3年7 9月流行高峰的主要来源;<8月龄儿童发病比例上升明显,7~14岁补充免疫对象发病比例显著下降,病例以散居儿童为主。结论常规免疫质量下滑与疫情处置不及时导致疫情高发。应根据麻疹流行特征,加强重点季节、重点地区疫情监测,采取提高适龄儿童含麻疹成分疫苗首针及时接种率和全程接种率、加强查验接种证补种工作等措施,降低麻疹发病。
Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Chongqing before and after supplementary immunization and to provide reference for improving prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence of measles cases in 2006-2008 and 2013-2015. Results Before and after the measles vaccine immunization, the epidemiological characteristics of measles were mainly as follows: the time distribution curve no longer remained the same “single peak” distribution characteristic from 2006 to 2008, and the epidemic time of each year was obviously prolonged in the past three years; The proportions of cases and the cases reported by the main urban areas increased significantly, becoming the main source of the epidemic peak in September 2003. The incidence of <8-month-old children increased significantly, while the proportion of the immunocompromised children aged 7-14 years decreased significantly Diaspora mainly. Conclusions The decline of routine immunization quality and the outbreak of epidemic caused the outbreak not timely. Should be based on the epidemic characteristics of measles, strengthen key seasons, key areas of epidemic monitoring, to improve the age-appropriate children with measles vaccine containing the first dose of the timely and full coverage of vaccination, vaccination certificates to strengthen the inspection work to reduce the incidence of measles.