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作为与酪氨酸激酶相拮抗的酪氨酸磷酸酯酶虽然早就为人所瞩目,但直到80年代末才被分离纯化。蛋白质序列测定结果表明,它实际上是一类新的受体蛋白,并与某些细胞的表面抗原有相似性。用分子生物学方法已经鉴定了30多种酪氨酸磷酸酯酶基因。尽管目前很少有直接证据表明这种酶具有人们所期待的抑制细胞生长的作用,但各种细胞生物学实验证明它能够抑制肿瘤基因对细胞的恶性转化。这种充当肿瘤抑制物角色的可能性使得对酪氨酸磷酸酯酶作用机理的探讨将成为今后10年中细胞生长调控及癌变机制研究的热点之一。
Although tyrosine phosphatase, which is antagonistic to tyrosine kinases, has long been attracting attention, it was not isolated until the late 1980s. Protein sequencing results show that it is actually a new class of receptor proteins and has similarities with the surface antigens of certain cells. More than 30 tyrosine phosphatase genes have been identified using molecular biological methods. Although there is currently little direct evidence that this enzyme has the desired effect of inhibiting cell growth, various cell biological experiments have demonstrated that it can inhibit the malignant transformation of tumor cells to cells. This possibility of acting as a tumor suppressor makes the discussion of the mechanism of action of tyrosine phosphatase become one of the hotspots of cell growth regulation and cancer mechanism in the next 10 years.