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全球碳存储的研究表明,CO2最稳定的存储方式是CO2的矿物捕获,即将CO2注入到地下,使其以方解石、菱铁矿、白云石及片钠铝石等碳酸盐矿物的形式存在。适合CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型主要有火山岩、砂岩和火山碎屑岩。分析了3种岩石类型的金属元素含量、金属元素的释放能力、与CO2反应生成的矿物类型及对CO2的捕获量,并比较了3种岩石类型对CO2矿物捕获能力的差异。其中玄武岩等火山岩的金属离子含量高,但其孔隙空间有限,制约了成岩反应,且CO2注入后具有逸散的风险;砂岩分布广泛,有足够的孔隙利于流体注入,但是金属离子含量相对较低,对CO2的矿物捕获所需时间相对较长;火山碎屑岩则结合了前2种岩石类型在矿物捕获方面的优势,是一种理想的CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型。
Studies of global carbon storage show that the most stable form of CO2 storage is CO2 mineral capture, which involves the injection of CO2 into the ground, in the form of carbonate minerals such as calcite, siderite, dolomite and dawsonite. The rock types suitable for CO2 mineral capture are mainly volcanic rocks, sandstones and pyroclastic rocks. The contents of metal elements, the release of metal elements, the types of minerals produced by the reaction with CO2 and the amount of CO2 captured were analyzed. The differences in CO2 capture ability of the three rock types were also compared. The volcanic rocks such as basalts have high metal ion content but limited pore space, which restrict the diagenetic reaction and risk of escape after CO2 injection. Sandstone is widely distributed and has sufficient pores to facilitate fluid injection, but the metal ion content is relatively low , While the time required to capture the CO2 minerals is relatively long; pyroclastics, in combination with the advantages of the first two types of rock in mineral capture, are ideal rock types for CO2 mineral capture.