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目的:研究重庆主城区嗜尸性蝇类侵袭动物尸体并在其上建立群落的时间规律,探索其在死亡相关案件中的应用价值与意义。方法:在野外引诱丽蝇产卵,连续培养3代,建立封闭群。处死大鼠后放置野外,在距尸体不同距离地点同时释放2个封闭群,并分别标记。比较不同距离的蝇类原始栖息地、不同季节、不同时刻死亡的动物尸体对蝇类侵袭及建群时间的影响,每组实验重复1次。结果:距离大鼠尸体100 m处释放的蝇类侵袭尸体的时间用M(Q_1,Q_3)表示是152.50(117.50,555.75)min,在尸体上建群的时间用M(Q1,Q3)表示是253.00(186.75,720.50)min,距离大鼠尸体1 000 m处释放的蝇类未对大鼠进行侵袭及建群。在比较不同时刻处死大鼠和不同季节处死大鼠对蝇类侵袭尸体及建群影响时:9时、14时及21时3组的侵袭时间分别是T_(ii9)(100.67±61.59)min、T_(ii1)4(133.00±32.39)min、Tii21(683.83±119.38)min,建群时间分别是Tci(267.50±201.97)min、(198.00±39.41)min、(842.83±163.63)min。不同时刻的蝇类侵袭及建群时间的3组间比较(T_(ii9)vs.T_(ii14) vs.Tii21,H=11.942,P=0.003;Tci9vs.Tci14vs.Tci21,H=11.380,P=0.003)均存在差异,9时与21时的侵袭及建群时间比较(T_(ii9)vs.T_(ii21),H=8.308,P=0.004,T_(ci9) vs.T_(ci21),H=8.308,P=0.004)均存在差异,14时与21时的侵袭及建群时间比较(T_(ii14)vs.T_(ii21),H=8.308,P=0.004,T_(ii14)vs.Tii21,H=8.308,P=0.004)均存在差异,21时蝇类对尸体的侵袭及建群时间长于9时与14时的时间。春、夏、秋3组侵袭时间及建群时间分别是(293.83±314.74、289.00±206.30、334.67±365.76,339.83±331.48、489.17±214.07、479.33±444.22)min。不同季节对蝇类侵袭及建群的3组间比较不存在统计学差异(T_(ii春)vs.T_(ii夏)vs.T_(ii秋),H=0.573,P=0.751;T_(ci春)vs.T_(ci夏)vs.T_(ci秋),H=1.556,P=0.459),季节对蝇类的侵袭及建群时间无明显影响。结论:位于尸体不同距离的蝇类对尸体的侵袭及建群时间有影响,较远的距离会延迟蝇类对尸体的侵袭及建群,甚至不发生侵袭;重庆地区季节的变化对蝇类侵袭尸体及建群时间没有明显的影响,主要是白天和黑夜的差异,黑夜会延长蝇类侵袭尸体及建群的时间。本研究结果对命案现场中根据尸体的具体情况准确推断死亡时间有指导意义。
OBJECTIVE: To study the time pattern of the deadly flies in the main city of Chongqing and to establish the community on them, and to explore its application value and significance in the death-related cases. Methods: In the wild lizards spawning, continuous culture for 3 generations, the establishment of a closed group. After the rats were sacrificed, they were placed in the wild and two closed groups were released simultaneously at different distances from the corpse, and were respectively labeled. Compare different distances of flies primitive habitats, different seasons, animal carcasses killed at different times on the impact of flies and colonization time, each experiment was repeated 1 time. Results: M (Q_1, Q_3) of the flies released from the body of the rat at 100 m were 152.50 (117.50, 555.75) min, and the time spent on establishing the body was M (Q 1, Q 3) 253.00 (186.75,720.50) min. The flies released from the body of a rat at 1000 m did not attack and colonize the rats. When the rats killed at different times and the rats killed in different seasons were involved in the invasion of flies and the colonies, the invasive time at 9:00, 14:00 and 21:00 was T (ii9) (100.67 ± 61.59) min, The time of colonization was Tci (267.50 ± 201.97) min, (198.00 ± 39.41) min and (842.83 ± 163.63) min, respectively. T i (ii1) 4 (133.00 ± 32.39) min and Tii21 (683.83 ± 119.38) min, respectively. At different times of flies invasion and establishment of the time group comparison (T_ (ii9) vs.T_ (ii14) vs.Tii21, H = 11.942, P = 0.003; Tci9vs.Tci14vs.Tci21, H = 11.380, P = 0.003), the invasion and the time of establishment at 9 and 21 (T9 (ii9) vs.T ii (ii), H = 8.308, P = 0.004, T ci9 vs.T ci21, = 8.308, P = 0.004). There was a significant difference in invasion and establishment of the colonies between the 14th and 21st instars (T_ (ii14) vs.T_ (ii21), H = 8.308, P = 0.004, T_ (ii14) vs.Tii21 , H = 8.308, P = 0.004). At 21:00, the invasion of flies and their colonization time were longer than 9 and 14 o’clock. The invasive time and colonization time of the three groups in spring, summer and autumn were (293.83 ± 314.74,289.00 ± 206.30,334.67 ± 365.76,339.83 ± 331.48,489.17 ± 214.07,479.33 ± 444.22) min, respectively. T_ (ii spring) vs.T_ (ii summer) vs.T_ (ii autumn), H = 0.573, P = 0.751; T_ ( (t = (ci summer) vs.T_ (autumn ci), H = 1.556, P = 0.459). The season had no significant effect on flies invasion and colonization time. Conclusion: Flies located at different distances of the cadaver affect the body’s invasion and colonization time. The farther distance will delay the invasion and colonization of the body by the flies, even without invasion. The seasonal changes in Chongqing affect the flies invasion There was no obvious effect on the carcass and colonization time, mainly due to the difference between day and night. The dark night would prolong the time for flies to invade the carcasses and colonies. The results of this study are instructive for accurately inferring the time of death based on the specific circumstances of the body in the homicide scene.