从贸易逆差到顺差的变化改革开放初期,中国出口商品主要以初级产品为主,出口竞争力较弱,而进口需求非常强劲。所以,一直到20世纪90年代中期以前,中国进出口贸易逆差的年份多于顺差的年份。这与其他新兴工业化国家有类似之处,也符合“两缺口模型”的经典理论,即当一国的投资大于 From the trade deficit to the surplus In the early stages of reform and opening up, China’s exports mainly dominated by primary products with weak export competitiveness and strong import demand. Therefore, until the mid-1990s, the year of China’s import and export deficit was more than the year of surplus. This is similar to other newly industrialized countries and also to the classical theory of the “two-gap model,” that when a country’s investment is greater than