This study analyzed the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of green development efficiency and its influencing factors in the growing Xuzhou Metropolitan Area for the period 2000–2015. The slacks-based measure (SBM) model, spatial autocorrelation, and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model were used to conduct the analysis. The conclusions were as follows: first, the overall efficiency of green development of the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area decreased, the regional differences and spatial agglomeration shrunk and differences within the region were the main contributors to the regional differences of green development efficiency. Second, the counties with high-efficiency green development were distributed along the coast, and along the routes of the Beijing-Shanghai and the East Longhai railways. A developing axis of the high-efficiency counties was the main feature of the spatial patt for green devel-opment efficiency. Third, regarding spatial correlation and green development efficiency, the High-High type counties in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a centralized distribution corridor along the inter-provincial border areas of Henan and Jiangsu, whereas the Low-Low type counties were concentrated in the extal, marginal parts of the metropolitan area. Fourth, the major factors (ranked in decreasing order of impact) influencing green development efficiency were innovation, govment regulations, the economic develop-ment level, energy consumption, and industrial structure. These factors exerted their influence to varying extents; the influence of the same factor had different effects in different regions and obvious spatial differences were observed for the different regions.