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目的研究纳米氧化铝颗粒致小鼠各主要组织脏器的病理改变。方法选取健康成年ICR小鼠,分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组、微米氧化铝组、纳米炭组、纳米氧化铝低、中和高剂量组。采用不同处理经滴鼻法染毒30 d,处死小鼠后测定其脏器系数,HE染色观察各主要组织脏器的病理改变。结果与对照组相比,染毒后各组小鼠体重差异无统计学意义。脏器系数结果显示:与对照组相比,纳米氧化铝低、中剂量组肝脏、肾脏器系数降低差异有统计学意义,纳米炭组肾、脾脏器系数降低差异有统计学意义,铝离子组心脏脏器系数增加差异有统计学意义。HE染色提示,纳米氧化铝可致脑海马区细胞减少;可致肝淤血;肾损伤;可致脾组织内巨噬细胞增加,其对各组织器官的损伤作用较微米铝组更为严重。结论纳米氧化铝对各主要脏器均有损害作用,其损伤作用与纳米炭组类似,均较微米铝组为强。肝、肾、脾为其主要损伤器官,而炎性细胞的浸润可能是其损伤机制之一。
Objective To study the pathological changes of organs in the major tissues of mice induced by nano-alumina particles. Methods Healthy adult ICR mice were divided into blank control group, solvent control group, micronized alumina group, nano-carbon group and nano-alumina low, medium and high dose groups. The mice were sacrificed and the organ coefficients were measured after the mice were sacrificed by different treatments for 30 days. The pathological changes of the organs were observed by HE staining. Results Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups after exposure. The results of organ coefficient showed that compared with the control group, there was significant difference in the reduction of hepatic and kidney organ coefficient between nano-alumina and medium-dose nano-alumina group, and there was significant difference in the coefficient of kidney and spleen between nano-carbon group and aluminum ion group Cardiac organ coefficient increased statistically significant difference. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that nano-alumina could reduce the number of cells in the hippocampus, cause hepatic congestion and renal damage, increase the number of macrophages in the spleen tissue, and damage the tissues and organs more severely than the micron aluminum group. Conclusion Nano-alumina has a damaging effect on all the major organs, and its damage effect is similar to that of the nano-carbon group, which is more than the micron aluminum group. Liver, kidney and spleen are the main injury organs, while the infiltration of inflammatory cells may be one of the mechanisms of their injury.