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新公共管理只不过是将公共管理等同于一个蛋糕配方而已；它由一系列实践组成，这些实践可以轻易地从一个文化或政治体系中移植到另一个文化或政治体系中。如果这是事实，那么关于其原则和范式的讨论就是学究式的；我们只需要确认最好的实践。政治家的职责就在于认识到二他们只需要打开书籍，遵从其中的指导就会获益匪浅。不过，即使是在经合组织国家内部，这也并非完全可行的。在欧洲，各经合组织国家的政治和文化传统有着本质的差别。经合组织内部的差异已经延伸到了墨西哥、日本和韩国，甚至是匈牙利、捷克共和国和波兰。既然新公共管理理论的适用性和有效性在国与国之间会有很大的区别，那么我们就面临着巨大的挑战，即：我们怎样才能将这些理论应用到新的环境中去？
NPM merely equates public administration with a cake recipe; it consists of a series of practices that can easily be transplanted from one culture or political system to another. If this is true, then the discussion of its principles and paradigms is academic; we need only to confirm the best practice. The job of a politician is to recognize that they only benefit from opening books and following the guidance. However, this is not entirely feasible even within OECD countries. In Europe, the political and cultural traditions of the OECD countries are fundamentally different. Differences within the OECD have been extended to Mexico, Japan and South Korea, and even Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland. Since the applicability and effectiveness of NPM theories vary widely from country to country, we face the huge challenge of how can we apply these theories to a new environment?