Non-obese children with elevated serum insulin levels and metabolic disorders such as,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and/or hypertriglyceridemia are a subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.Since usually the health policies for the prevention of the obesity associated disorders in children are based on the screening focused on the obese,frequently the metabolically obese normalweight(MONW) children are not identified in primary care setting.Given that characterization of the MONW children is an important public health issue,and that a large amount of resources might be unnecessarily used in the screening of metabolic risk of nonobese children; we review data regarding criteria for the early recognition of this subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Results of our review suggests that the presence of family history of type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension,the elevated percentage of body fat,and the high birth-weight should be taken into account as criteria of high cardiovascular risk,irrespective of obesity. Non-obese children with elevated serum insulin levels and metabolic disorders such as, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and / or hypertriglyceridemia are a subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life .ince usually the health policies for the prevention of the obesity associated disorders in children are based on the screening focused on the obese, frequently the metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) children are not identified in primary care setting. Giving that characterization of the MONW children is an important public health issue, and that a large amount of resources might belatedarily used in the screening of metabolic risk of nonobese children; we review data compliant criteria for the early recognition of this subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Results of our review suggests that the presence of family history of type 2 diabetes and / or hypertension, the elevated percentage of body fat, and the high birth-weight sho uld be taken into account as criteria of high cardiovascular risk, irrespective of obesity.