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我国尾矿料的分布范围广,尾矿库库容需求巨大。尾矿料的物理力学性质受矿物类型、生产处理工艺、堆积条件及外部环境等因素影响很大,正确认识尾矿料的物理力学性质、科学选用相关指标是尾矿库设计和施工过程中的关键步骤。以我国西北某在建铜矿尾矿库为例,通过对高硫和低硫两种尾矿料进行化学分析和材料性质试验,得到两种尾矿料的比重、渗透系数、强度、固结系数等物理力学性质指标;并分析比较毛细饱和法和饱和土膏法两种制样方法对尾矿料渗透及强度特性的影响。结果表明,烘干、煮沸等试验处理手段会对尾矿的化学成分产生一定的影响;与毛细饱和方法相比,采用饱和土膏法测得的渗透系数低2~5倍,而抗剪强度平均高出25%,验证了制样方法对材料试验结果的影响。试验结果为尾矿坝的设计及其稳定性评价提供基础数据,也为研究尾矿料的工程力学特性等提供了详实资料。
The distribution of tailings in our country is very wide, and the demand of tailings storage is huge. The physical and mechanical properties of tailings are greatly influenced by factors such as mineral types, production and processing techniques, deposition conditions and external environment. The physical and mechanical properties of tailings are correctly recognized. The relevant indicators for scientific selection are the design and construction of tailings ponds key step. Taking a copper mine tailing dam under construction in northwestern China as an example, the chemical analysis and material property tests of two kinds of tailings with high sulfur and low sulfur were carried out to obtain the specific gravity, permeability coefficient, strength, consolidation Coefficient and other indicators of physical and mechanical properties; and comparative capillary saturation method and saturated soil paste two sample preparation methods on the permeability and strength characteristics of tailings. The results show that the experimental methods such as drying and boiling have a certain impact on the chemical composition of the tailings. Compared with the capillary saturation method, the permeability coefficient measured by the saturated soil-paste method is 2 ~ 5 times lower, while the shear strength An average of 25% higher, verifying the effect of the sample preparation method on the material test results. The test results provide the basic data for the design and stability evaluation of the tailings dam. It also provides detailed data for studying the engineering mechanics characteristics of the tailings dam.