目的调查新生儿血小板减少症患儿是否携带人类血小板抗原HPA-21w等位基因。方法对20例新生儿血小板减少症患儿及其母亲采用DNA测序方法进行HPA-21bw基因分型。结果 DNA测序表明1例新生儿血小板减少症患儿GPIIIa编码基因1960位G→A,为HPA-21a/b杂合子;而其母亲为HPA-21a/a纯合子,与患儿HPA-21bw不配合。结论在新生儿血小板减少症患儿中首次检出HPA-21bw等位基因,提示HPA-21bw抗原是中国人群引起新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症的潜在抗原位点。 Objective To investigate whether neonates with thrombocytopenia carry human platelet antigen HPA-21w allele. Methods 20 cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia in children and their mothers using DNA sequencing HPA-21bw genotyping. Results DNA sequencing showed that the GPIIIa gene of 1960 neonates with thrombocytopenia was G → A, HPA-21a / b heterozygous; while its mother was HPA-21a / a homozygote, which was not associated with HPA-21bw Cooperation. Conclusion The first detection of HPA-21bw alleles in children with thrombocytopenia suggests that HPA-21bw antigen is a potential antigenic site for the Chinese population to cause alloimmune thrombocytopenia in newborns.