复张性肺水肿(reexpansion pulmonary edema,RPE)是指继发于气胸、大量胸腔积液或其它原因所致肺不张,经治疗使肺快速复张后引起的急性单侧性肺水肿。它好发于中青年,Murray报告,在自发性气胸肺复张后的发生率为10％。病情发展迅猛、严重,处理甚为棘手,死亡率高达20％。我们在4年中见到4例,经抢救后均脱离危险。现对其发病机理、临床表现、演变规律及治疗作一介绍。 Reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) refers to acute unilateral pulmonary edema caused by atelectasis caused by pneumothorax, massive pleural effusion or other causes of atelectasis. It occurs in young and middle-aged, and Murray reports a 10% incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Rapid development of the disease, severe, very difficult to handle, the mortality rate as high as 20%. We have seen 4 cases in 4 years, after the rescue are out of danger. Now its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evolution and treatment for an introduction.