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人的需要问题是马克思理论与实践活动的出发点和归宿。从历时性和共时性相结合的研究方法出发,可以将马克思关于人的需要的理论探索大致分为三个阶段,在这三个阶段中,人的需要理论明显呈现为一种否定之否定的过程,并最终在《资本论》及其手稿中实现了对人之需要的全面具体地把握。马克思人的需要理论的发生学逻辑对中国特色的社会主义建设的启示是:必须从“具体整体性”的高度关照人的需要问题,树立能力本位的发展理念,坚持以人为本的科学发展观,并促进人的全面自由发展与社会发展的和谐一致。
The problem of human needs is the starting point and destination of Marxist theory and practice. From the diachronic and synchronic combination of research methods, Marx’s theoretical exploration of human needs can be roughly divided into three stages, in which the theory of human needs is clearly presented as a negation of the negative And eventually realized the full and concrete grasp of the needs of the people in “Capital” and its manuscripts. The logic of the occurrence of Marxist theory of human needs enlightens the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics: We must take care of people’s needs from the perspective of “specific integrity”, establish the concept of capacity-based development, adhere to the people-oriented scientific concept of development , And promote the harmony and completeness of people’s full freedom and social development.