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外源性化合物致肝损伤是毒理学研究中的重要组成部分 ,传统的体内试验在研究外源性化合物致肝损伤时存在一些不足之处 ,体外试验在一定程度上弥补了体内试验的缺陷。肝脏毒理学研究中常用的体外试验模型有离体肝脏灌流、肝组织切片和离体肝细胞(肝细胞悬液和原代培养肝细胞)等。离体肝脏灌流最接近体内状态 ,可用于评价肝脏生理学和形态学改变 ;肝组织切片保存了肝脏的组织结构 ,可将细胞毒性检测和组织形态学结合评价肝损伤情况 ;离体肝细胞则从细胞水平评价化合物代谢和细胞毒性。上述体外试验模型各自具有优缺点 ,应根据研究目的和具体条件选择适当的模型 ,并与体内试验结果结合进行评价。
Exogenous compounds of liver injury caused by toxicology is an important part of the traditional in vivo tests of exogenous compounds in liver injury, there are some shortcomings, in vitro tests to a certain extent, make up for the shortcomings of in vivo experiments. In vitro liver toxicology studies commonly used in vitro models of liver perfusion, liver sections and isolated hepatocytes (liver cell suspension and primary cultured hepatocytes) and so on. Hepatic perfusion can be used to evaluate the physiological and morphological changes of the liver. The liver tissue is preserved in the liver tissue slice and the liver damage can be evaluated by cytotoxicity detection and histomorphology. Cell level evaluates compound metabolism and cytotoxicity. Each of the above-mentioned in vitro test models has its own advantages and disadvantages. An appropriate model should be selected according to the research purpose and specific conditions and evaluated in combination with the in vivo test results.