在中国古代历史上,北宋党争的时间延续之长,卷入人数之多,斗争之复杂激烈,都是极为少见的,其影响的广泛,亦涉及有宋一代思想文化的各个层面。深入研究北宋党争的实质及其影响,对于我们进一步认识和评价宋代思想文化的总体风貌和特征,了解和把握中国思想发展史的演变轨迹,无疑都是十分有益的。一、关于北宋党争的再评价所谓北宋党争,主要是指发生于北宋仁宗朝至北宋末年的统治阶层内部的派别斗争~①。由于朋党之争是中国古代历史上一种很普遍的政治现象,所以历来研究者对北宋党争性质的认定,一般都是从政治史的角度进行的~②,即认为北宋党争是围绕变法革新而引发的一场统治阶级内部的政治斗争,史称“庆历党争”、熙、丰、元祐“新旧党 In the history of ancient China, the length of time for party struggles in Northern Song Dynasty, the number of involved parties and the complex and intense struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty were all extremely rare. Their influence was extensive and covered all aspects of the Song and Yuan culture. To study thoroughly the essence and influence of the party struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty is undoubtedly very beneficial for us to further understand and appraise the overall style and characteristics of the ideological and cultural traditions in the Song Dynasty and to understand and grasp the evolution of the history of the development of Chinese thought. First, the re-evaluation of the party struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty The so-called party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly refers to the factional struggle occurred in the reign of the Northern Song Dynasty from Renzong to the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the clash of cronies is a very common political phenomenon in ancient Chinese history, historians have always held that the nature of party struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty was generally conducted from the perspective of political history. That is, Triggered a political struggle within the ruling class, known as the history of the ”Celebrations party struggle“, Xi, Feng, Yuan You ”New and Old Party