中国农村家庭联产承包责任制推行以后,完全由政府主导的乡村社会,开始向政府放松管制的农村自治体转变。农村公共事务的治理需要农民的参与。目前农村建设的制度设计没能给农民参与提供足够的保证。问题集中体现在:在公共物品的提供中未能让农民有效参与,政府的过多干预阻碍了村民自治能力的形成。农村公共事务有必要在政府主导与农民主体中找到平衡的制度设计,即推动公共设施建设的村民参与,基于促进农村治理能力的政策创新,走向更为公平的资金配置。 After the implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system in rural areas in China, the completely state-led rural society began to shift to a rural government that was deregulated by the government. The governance of rural public affairs requires the participation of peasants. At present, the system design of rural construction failed to provide enough guarantee for the participation of farmers. The problems are mainly reflected in the failure to effectively involve peasants in the provision of public goods and the excessive government intervention that hinders the formation of villagers’ autonomy. In rural public affairs, it is necessary to find a balanced system design between government-led and peasant bodies, that is, to promote the participation of villagers in the construction of public facilities and to promote a more fair allocation of funds based on policy innovation in promoting rural governance.