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目的分析低体重儿(LBWI)、极低体重儿(VLBWI)和超低体重儿(ELBWI)的早产原因,为如何降低LBWI、VLBWI及ELBWI的发生提供依据。方法收集该院2006年1月1日~2012年12月30日出生体重<2 500 g的早产儿资料进行回顾性分析。分析早产的原因并比较不同出生体重及不同胎龄早产原因的差异。结果 LBWI、VLBWI和ELBWI的早产原因顺位为胎膜早破、双胎及多胎妊娠、妊娠期高血压疾病、高龄、瘢痕子宫、胎位不正、胎盘因素及羊水因素。LBWI胎膜早破位于首位,VLBWI双胎及多胎、胎膜早破位于首位,而ELBWI妊娠期高血压疾病位于首位。随着孕周增加胎膜早破导致的低体重早产儿逐渐增加。结论 LBWI、VLBWI及ELBWI早产主要原因是胎膜早破、多胎妊娠、妊娠期高血压疾病。加强围产保健,积极防治高危因素,是减少早产LBWI、VLBWI及ELBWI的出生或延长其出生孕周的关键。
Objective To analyze the causes of premature delivery of LBWI, VLBWI and ELBWI in order to provide basis for reducing the incidence of LBWI, VLBWI and ELBWI. Methods The data of preterm infants with birth weight <2 500 g collected from January 1, 2006 to December 30, 2012 in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Analysis of the causes of premature labor and compare the different birth weight and different gestational age causes of preterm birth differences. Results The causes of LBWI, VLBWI and ELBWI premature rupture of membranes were premature rupture of membranes, twin and multiple pregnancy, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, aging, scar uterus, malposition of the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid factors. LBWI premature rupture of membranes in the first place, VLBWI twin and multiple births, premature rupture of membranes in the first place, and ELBWI hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in the first place. With the increase of gestational age premature rupture of membranes caused by low birth weight premature children gradually increased. Conclusions The main causes of premature delivery of LBWI, VLBWI and ELBWI are premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Strengthening perinatal care and actively preventing and treating high risk factors are the key to reducing the birth or prolongation of their gestational age at birth in LBWI, VLBWI and ELBWI.