1978年以来,随着我国改革开放逐步深入,国内生产总值不断上升,相应的人们的收入也在不断上升。但与此相伴随的一个现象是,居民的收入差距也在不断扩大。1980,据世界银行估计,中国居民收入基尼系数为0.33,而在1998年据国家统计局计算高达0.456(各个专家计算并不相同,但在0.4-0.5居多)。同时沿海、内地城市居民收入也在不断拉大,改革初期,东、中、西部和城乡收入差距不断缩小,但从1985年以后地区和城乡收入再度扩大。到90年代初期地区和城乡收入差距的情形已经比改革前的情况还严重。以农村居民收入为例,1978年农村居民家庭人均纯收入最高地区与最低地区相对差距比值为1.68:1;到2000年,为2.15:1。收入最高的上海郊区农 Since 1978, with the gradual deepening of China’s reform and opening up and the continuous rise of its gross domestic product, the corresponding people’s income is also on the rise. However, a phenomenon accompanying this is that the income gap among residents is also constantly expanding. 1980, according to estimates by the World Bank, the Gini coefficient of income of Chinese residents was 0.33, while in 1998 it calculated as high as 0.456 according to the National Bureau of Statistics (calculated by experts is not the same, but mostly 0.4-0.5). At the same time, the incomes of urban residents in the coastal areas and the Mainland are also getting bigger and bigger. In the early stage of reform, the income gap between the eastern, central and western regions and between urban and rural areas kept shrinking. However, since 1985, the incomes in the region, urban and rural areas have once again expanded. The situation of income disparity between regions and urban and rural areas in the early 1990s has been worse than before the reform. Take the income of rural residents as an example. In 1978, the relative gap between the highest and lowest areas of per capita net income of rural households was 1.68: 1. By 2000, it was 2.15: 1. The highest-income Shanghai suburban farmers