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螺栓(又称紧固件)是汽轮机、锅炉设备中重要的零件之一,它联接着蒸汽阀门、管道法兰及汽轮机汽缸法兰等部件,使这些部件紧密并保证需要的联接强度,保证汽轮机、锅炉长期安全的运行。螺栓在运行过程中会产生断裂现象。造成螺栓断裂的原因是多方面的,这除了由于螺栓在高温高压的长期作用下,组织性能将逐渐老化外,对于不同的螺栓,由于被连接件的不同膨胀和微小的不同心度从而承受不同的弯曲直力;由于紧固工艺不当,还可能造成同一个部件上的螺栓的不同的初紧力(σ0);螺栓结构设计、制造加工质量不佳;材质缺陷;热处理不当等等。现将我们所了解到的一些国内外的试验研究情况,人致归纳如下:
Bolts (also known as fasteners) are one of the most important parts of steam turbines and boiler equipment. They are connected with steam valves, pipe flanges and cylinder flanges of steam turbines to make these parts tight and ensure the required coupling strength, ensuring that the steam turbine Long-term safe operation of the boiler. Bolts will break during operation. The reasons for the breakage of the bolt are numerous, except that due to the long-term effect of the bolt under high temperature and high pressure, the properties of the structure will gradually deteriorate. For different bolts, the bolt will be subjected to different stresses due to different expansion of the connector and slight misalignment Of the bending force; due to improper fastening process, but also may cause the same component of the bolt on the different initial tightening force (σ0); bolt structure design, manufacturing poor quality; material defects; improper heat treatment and so on. Now we know some of the experimental research at home and abroad, the people induced to be summarized as follows: