论文部分内容阅读
根据确定性程度的不同,布伦塔诺将存在划分为四种不同类别。其中,偶性存在和真实意义的存在都是非确定性的存在,前者不具有独立性,而后者作为思想的某种属性只涉及判断的真假问题,因此都被排除出了形而上学的研究领域。与此相反,潜能与现实存在、范畴存在都属于确定性的存在,两者的差别在于,前者仍然处于心灵范围之内,而后者已经超越心灵成为自由的存在。通过类比语言、逻辑和心灵的关系,布伦塔诺将传统意义上的存在含义推进到了实在论的境域之中。
Depending on the degree of certainty, Brentano divides the existence into four different categories. Among them, both the existence of existence and the existence of real meaning are non-deterministic existence. The former does not have independence. The latter, as an attribute of thinking, only involves the issue of truth and falsity of judgment, and therefore is excluded from the field of metaphysics. In contrast, the existence of potential and reality, and the existence of category belong to the existence of certainty. The difference between the two lies in that the former is still within the spiritual scope, and the latter has gone beyond the soul as the existence of freedom. Through the relationship between analogy language, logic and mind, Brentano advances the traditional meaning of existence to the realm of realism.