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本文从系统功能语法的角度对英语存在小句中的动词进行系统描述。文章首先简要回顾前人对存在动词的分类,介绍Halliday把“词汇当作最精密的语法”的思想,在此基础上,探讨了存在小句中的动词的语义,提出这些动词主要体现“存在”、“移动”、“发生”和“归属”四种过程意义(即四个初级系统),着重考察了“存在”系统中更细微差别的意义可由哪些存在动词予以体现,并建构了一个存在意义系统网络。本研究是对Halliday把“词汇当作最精密的语法”的思想的实践,弥补了系统语法在描述存在意义上的空白,因此也在一定程度上丰富了系统语法。
This article systematically describes the verbs in English existential clauses from the perspective of systemic functional grammar. The article begins with a brief review of the predecessors’ classification of existing verbs, and introduces Halliday’s idea of using vocabulary as the most precise grammar. On this basis, the semantics of verbs in existing clauses are explored, and these verbs are mainly expressed. “Existence”, “Mobile”, “Generation” and “Attribution” are the four process meanings (that is, the four primary systems), focusing on the more nuanced meaning of the “presence” system. It can be embodied by which verbs exist, and a network of existential systems is constructed. This study is the practice of Halliday’s idea of using vocabulary as the most precise grammar to make up for the gaps in system grammar’s meaning in the sense of existence. Therefore, it also enriches the system grammar to some extent.