鸦片战争之后,中国被迫与西方诸国签订了一系列不平等条约。这样的历史局面,从一个国家的地理意义上看,或者从一个守土为疆的天朝政府来看,的确是再屈辱不过的事情。但从一个经济体的商业贸易发展看,人们却惊讶地发现,晚清的贸易水平却由此扶摇直上,最明显的局面发生在中国沿海地区。从19世纪20年代到80年代,其市场 After the Opium War, China was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with the West. This historical situation, from the geographical point of view of a country, or from a celestial government that keeps its territory for Xinjiang, is indeed a humiliating event. However, judging from the development of commercial trade in an economy, people are surprised to find that the level of trade in the late Qing dynasties skyrocketed. The most obvious situation occurred in China’s coastal areas. From the 1820s to the 1980s, its market