目的:探讨产后抑郁症（postpartum depression, PPD）患者静息状态下的局部神经活动变化特征及其与抑郁程度的相关性。方法:选取符合DSM-5单相抑郁诊断标准, 24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（24-Item Hamilton Depression Scale，HAMDn 24）评分>20分，爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale，EPDS）评分≥12分的15例产后抑郁患者（PPD组）及与之年龄等相匹配的16名产后健康产妇（对照组），进行3.0 T静息态功能磁共振成像扫描。采用双样本n t检验比较组间低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation，ALFF)和局部一致性（regional homogeneity，ReHo)值，将差异脑区的ALFF值及ReHo值与HAMDn 24、EPDS评分分别进行Pearson线性相关性分析。n 结果:与对照组相比，PPD组右侧小脑前叶（山顶）和左背外侧前额叶ALFF值增高，右顶叶ALFF值减低（单个体素n P10，Alphasim校正）；PPD组左侧眶部额上回、眶部额下回、额上回、额中回、楔前叶及顶下小叶ReHo值增高，右侧枕下回、额下回、额叶和左侧小脑下半月小叶的ReHo值减低（单个体素n P10，Alphasim校正）；左背外侧前额叶ALFF值与PPD组HAMDn 24评分呈正相关（n r=0.585，n P=0.022），校正年龄、教育程度和体重指数后，偏相关系数依然有统计学意义（n r=0.561， n P=0.046）。n 结论:PPD患者存在情绪调节相关脑区神经活动改变；左背外侧前额叶ALFF值越高的患者抑郁程度越严重。“,”Objective:This study uses two markers of resting-state functional MRI (r-fMRI) to investigate changes in spontaneous neural activity and their correlation with postpartum depression (PPD) severity.Methods:A total of 15 individuals with PPD, who met the diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 unipolar depression, 24-Item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMDn 24) scores greater than 20, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score≥12, and 16 postpartum healthy mothers (control group) matched with age and education were examined using r-fMRI. Two-sample n t-test was used to compare the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between the ALFF and ReHo of the abnormal brain region and the HAMDn 24 and EPDS scores.n Results:Compared with the healthy control (HC), PPD showed increased ALFF in the right cerebellum anterior lobe culmen and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and decreased ALFF in the right parietal lobe (individual voxel n P10 voxels, Alphasim correction). PPD had increased ReHo values in the left superior?frontal?gyrus,?orbital?part, inferior?frontal?gyrus,?orbital?part, middle?frontal?gyrus, precuneus, inferior?parietal lobule than HC. Decreased ReHo values were found in the right inferior?occipital?gyrus, inferior?frontal?gyrus, frontal lobule and left cerebellum inferior semi-lunar lobule (individual voxeln P10 voxels, Alphasim correction). The ALFF value of the left DLPFC was positively correlated with the HAMDn 24 score in PPD (n r=0.585, n P=0.022). Age, body mass index and education years of each subject was included as covariates, partial correlation coefficient was still statistically significant (n r = 0.561, n P = 0.046).n Conclusion:This r-fMRI study suggested that changes in the spontaneous neural activity of these regions were related to emotional responses. PPD cases with high ALFF values in the left DLPFC had severe depression.