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从1993年起,日本已连续10年成为中国最大的贸易伙伴。中国商品的比较优势在日本市场上经历了一个动态演变的过程。劳动密集型商品是十多年来中国对日出口中最具有比较优势的商品;但近年来,中国部分资本、技术密集型商品在日本市场上的相对比较优势呈稳步上升趋势。经济发展的阶段性差异和国际产业转移导致的要素禀赋结构变动,是中国商品在日本市场上比较优势动态演变的主要原因。中国资源禀赋的特点,决定了在今后相当长的一段时期内,劳动密集型商品仍将在日本市场上具有明显的相对比较优势。随着经济的快速发展和资本、技术禀赋的相对增长,资本、技术密集型商品将成为中国对日出口的新增长点。另一方面,与许多国家相比,中国资本、技术密集型商品在日本市场上的相对比较优势仍有一定差距,今后仍存在着较大的发展空间。
Since 1993, Japan has become China’s largest trading partner for 10 consecutive years. The comparative advantage of Chinese goods has undergone a dynamic evolution in the Japanese market. Labor-intensive commodities are the most comparatively advantageous commodities for export to Japan in more than a decade. However, in recent years, the relative comparative advantage of some capital and technology-intensive commodities in Japan has been on a steady upward trend. The main reasons for the dynamic evolution of Chinese goods in the Japanese market are the different stages of economic development and the structural changes of factor endowments caused by international industrial transfer. The characteristics of China’s resource endowment determine that labor-intensive commodities will still have a clear comparative comparative advantage in the Japanese market for a relatively long period of time in the future. With the rapid economic development and the relative growth of capital and technology endowments, capital and technology-intensive commodities will become a new growth point for China’s exports to Japan. On the other hand, compared with many other countries, the relative comparative advantage of China’s capital and technology-intensive commodities in the Japanese market is still far behind. In the future, there will still be more room for development.