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目的研究p16蛋白与食管鳞状细胞癌（ESC）生物学行为的关系。方法应用LSAB免疫组织化学方法检测65例ESC中p16蛋白表达的情况，探讨它与病理组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移和预后的关系。结果64例ESC中p16蛋白的阳性率为47．7％，在53例癌旁鳞状上皮的阳性率为67．9％；高、中、低分化ESC中p16蛋白的阳性率分别为64．8％、45．5％和25．0％；在早中期和晚期ESC中p16蛋白阳性率分别为84.6％和38．5％；20例伴淋巴结转移的病例p16蛋白的阳性率为25．0％，而45例不伴淋巴结转移病例p16蛋白的阳性率为60．0％；生存期1a及以上组p16蛋白阳性率为63．0％，显著高于1a以下组的26．7％（P＜0．05）。结论p16基因的丢失或突变与ESC发生关系密切，而且p16蛋白与ESC的病理组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移和预后有关。p16蛋白的检测可作为ESC生物学行为和预后评价的参考指标。
Objective To study the relationship between p16 protein and biological behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC). Methods The expression of p16 protein in 65 cases of ESC was detected by LSAB immunohistochemical method, and its relationship with histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis was explored. Results The positive rate of p16 protein was 47.7% in 64 ESCs, and 67.9% in paraffin-embedded squamous epithelium in 53 cases. The positive rate of p16 protein in high-, middle-, and low-differentiation ESCs was 64. 8%, 45.5%, and 25.0%; the positive rate of p16 protein in early-middle and late ESCs was 84.6% and 38.5%, respectively; the positive rate of p16 protein in 20 cases with lymph node metastasis was 25.0 %, while the positive rate of p16 protein in 45 cases without lymph node metastasis was 60.0%; the positive rate of p16 protein in survival group 1a and above was 63.0%, which was significantly higher than 26.7% in group 1a or less (P <0.05). Conclusion The loss or mutation of p16 gene is closely related to the occurrence of ESC, and p16 protein is related to the histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of ESC. The detection of p16 protein can be used as a reference index for evaluating ESC biological behavior and prognosis.