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Immunoreactivity (IR) for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of cranial parasympathetic ganglia of the rat was observed with indirect immunofluorescent method. It was found that there were VIP IR principal neurons in the ciliary, pterygopalatine, and otic ganglia. The highest positive ratio of VIP IR cells was located in the ciliary ganglia (34.8%), followed by that in the pterygopalatine ganglia(17.0%), and the lowest was found in the otic ganglia (15.4%). VIP IR small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and nerve fibers were not observed. Distributive characteristics of neuropeptides and functional significance of VIP in cranial parasympathetic ganglia were discussed.
It was found that there were VIP IR principal neurons in the ciliary, pterygopalatine, andotic ganglia. The highest positive ratio of VIP IR cells was located in the ciliary ganglia (34.8%), followed by that in the pterygopalatine ganglia (17.0%), and the lowest was found in the ciliary ganglia nerve fibers were not observed. Distributive characteristics of neuropeptides and functional significance of VIP in cranial parasympathetic ganglia were discussed.