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目的探讨河南高发区青年食管癌和癌前病变组织中STAT3的表达及意义,加深对食管癌变机理的了解。方法采用免疫组化卵白素—生物素—过氧化物酶复合物(ABC)法和组织病理学方法,分析STAT3在36例食管癌和癌旁组织中的变化特征和规律。结果从正常食管上皮→基底细胞过度增生→间变→至鳞状细胞癌的演变过程中,随着病变程度的加重,STAT3蛋白阳性表达率呈现下降趋势,分别为86%(12/14)、88%(28/32)、55%(11/20)和75%(27/36),其中基底细胞过度增生与间变(P=0.008)的阳性率差异具有统计学意义。STAT3蛋白在高分化鳞癌组织中的阳性率最高89%(16/18),中、低分化鳞癌组织阳性率逐渐下降,分别为60%(6/10)和63%(5/8),但差异无统计学意义。结论STAT3蛋白在癌变早期阶段表达变化显著,并随癌变程度加重和癌组织分化程度下降而呈现阳性表达率下降的趋势,提示STAT3是食管癌变早期的重要分子事件,并可能是食管癌变重要分子基础之一。
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of STAT3 in young esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions in Henan high incidence area and to deepen the understanding of esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods Immunohistochemistry avidin - biotin - peroxidase complex (ABC) method and histopathological analysis of STAT3 in 36 cases of esophageal cancer and paracancerous tissue changes in the characteristics and patterns. Results In the process of normal esophageal epithelium → basal cell hyperplasia → metametabolism → squamous cell carcinoma, the positive rate of STAT3 protein showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the degree of lesions, which were 86% (12/14), 88% (28/32), 55% (11/20) and 75% (27/36) respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of basal cell hyperplasia and anaplasia (P = 0.008). The positive rate of STAT3 protein in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 89% (16/18), and the positive rate of moderate and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 60% (6/10) and 63% (5/8) respectively , But the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The expression of STAT3 protein in the early stages of carcinogenesis changes significantly, and with the degree of cancerization increasing and the differentiation degree of cancerous tissue decreasing, the positive expression rate of STAT3 protein shows a tendency of decline, suggesting that STAT3 is an important molecular event of esophageal carcinogenesis in early stage and may be an important molecular basis of esophageal cancer one.