本文广泛地搜集了历代古籍中有关石棉的记载,加以整理,按中国古代对石棉的认识进程与深度进行了纵向研究,将其分为三个辫识阶段,指出苏颂《本草图经》对石棉的论述,在科学史上具有重要意义。同时与西方比较,得出中国不仅是世界上认识和利用石棉最早的国家之一,而且是世界上最早把石棉确定为矿物的国家。 This article extensively collected the records of asbestos from ancient books of ancient times and collated them. According to the longitudinal study of the progress and depth of understanding of asbestos in ancient China, this paper divides it into three stages of branding. It points out that Su Song’s Book of Sketches Asbestos exposition, in the history of science is of great significance. At the same time, compared with western countries, it is concluded that China is not only one of the earliest countries in the world to know and use asbestos, but also the first country in the world to identify asbestos as a mineral.