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国际贸易使国外R&D的外部性扩展到国内,于是一国全要素生产率的增长可以突破单一国家的限制,国际贸易成为技术溢出的重要渠道。由Coeand Helpman开创的通过构造“国外研发资本存量”变量,以国际R&D溢出分析框架研究贸易的技术溢出的方法被广泛地应用于宏观、中观和微观层面的研究。宏观层面,学者们从计量方法、国外R&D测算、溢出渠道、溢出条件几个方面拓展了CH模型;中观层面,国内外行业内、行业间的R&D溢出得到区分和比较,行业的技术特征对溢出效果的影响得到关注;微观层面,研究的结论相当多元,难于得出进出口贸易提高企业生产率的结论。
International trade expands the externalities of foreign R & D into the domestic. Therefore, the growth of total factor productivity of a country can break through the restrictions of a single country. International trade has become an important channel for technology spillover. The approach pioneered by Coeand Helpman to study the technology spillover in trade through the construction of “foreign R & D capital stock” variables in an international R & D spillover analysis framework is widely used in macro, meso and micro level research. Macro level, scholars from the measurement methods, foreign R & D estimates, spillover channels, overflow conditions several aspects of the CH model; middle level, domestic and foreign industries, industry, R & D spillover differentiated and compared the technical characteristics of the industry At the micro level, the conclusion of the research is rather plural and it is hard to come to the conclusion that the import and export trade can improve the productivity of enterprises.