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在初中化学关于元素化合价的教学中,发现有些教师在讲到“在共价化合物里,元素化合价的数值,就是这种元素的一个原子跟其它元素的原子形成的共用电子对的数目。化合价的正、负由电子对的偏移来决定。电子对偏向哪个原子,哪个就为负价;电子对偏离哪个原子,哪个就为正价。例如,在氯化氢中,电子对偏向氯原子,氯为-1价;电子对偏离氢原子,氢为+1价”时,解释电子对为什么偏向氯而偏离氢的原因为:氢的核电荷数为1,氯的核电荷数为17,核电荷数越多,吸引电子的能力越强。所以,电子对偏向氯原子偏离氢原子。这样解释是不全面的。如氯的核电荷数为
In junior chemistry chemistry teaching about element valence, we found that some teachers are saying that in a covalent compound, the value of elemental valence is the number of common electron pairs formed by one atom of this element and atoms of other elements. The positive and the negative are determined by the offset of the electron pair, which atom the electron pair is biased to, and which is the negative ion, and which of the atoms is deviating from the electron and which is the positive value.For example, in the hydrogen chloride, the electron pair biases toward the chlorine atom, chlorine The price is -1; when the electron pair deviates from the hydrogen atom and hydrogen is +1 price, the reason why the electron pair deviates from hydrogen due to chlorine bias is: the nuclear charge number of hydrogen is 1, and the nuclear charge number of chlorine is 17, nuclear The greater the number of charges, the stronger the ability to attract electrons. Therefore, the electron pair biases the chlorine atom from the hydrogen atom. This explanation is incomplete. For example, the nuclear charge of chlorine is