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经过近30年的发展,我国名义出口商品结构已经从劳动密集型产品转向资本及技术密集型产品,但是实际出口商品结构优化幅度远远小于名义优化幅度。我国劳动力市场的结构性矛盾日益突出,低端劳动力市场供过于求,高端劳动力市场供不应求,高端人才缺乏已经成为严重制约我国出口商品结构优化的障碍。我国对外贸易发展的方向不仅要把既有的产业价值链做大做强,还要向价值链的两端攀升,这就要求我国各级政府及相关机构实施高端人才战略,加大培训力度,提高现有劳动者的技能水平;大力发展高等教育,自主培养高端人才;树立全球人才观,积极从海外引进人才;提高待遇水平和高等教育水平,减少高端人才外流,从而实现出口商品结构和劳动力市场结构的共同优化,加快实现我国从出口大国向出口强国、从经济大国向经济强国的转变。
After nearly 30 years of development, China’s nominal export commodity structure has shifted from labor-intensive products to capital-intensive and technology-intensive products, but the actual export product structure optimization is far less than the nominal optimization. The structural contradictions in China’s labor market have become increasingly prominent. The low-end labor market oversupply, the high-end labor market is in short supply, and the lack of high-end talent has become a serious obstacle to the optimization of China’s export structure. The direction of China’s foreign trade development should not only make the existing industrial value chain bigger and stronger but also climb to both ends of the value chain. This requires that all levels of government and relevant agencies in our country implement the strategy of high-end talents and intensify training, Improve the skill level of existing workers; vigorously develop higher education and independently train high-end professionals; establish a global talent pool and actively introduce talents from overseas; raise the level of treatment and higher education and reduce the outflow of high-end talent in order to achieve the export commodity structure and labor force The common optimization of the market structure will speed up the transformation of our country from exporting power to exporting power and from economic power to economic power.