从事第二职业的人们,基本上出于三方面的原因:一是单位人员未尽其才,安排、使用不当;二是分配与奖励的“大锅饭”;三是物价上涨过猛。第二职业的兴起与发展,是经济机制转换中的产物,打破了行业、地区等界限,有利于生产、科学技术的传播,调动了人们的积极性,增加了人们一定的收入。但它的负面效应所反映出来的“身在曹营心在汉”、“堤内损失堤外补”等等现象不容忽视。在我们出版系统,由于第二职业影响本职工作、涣散人心的情况,也不同程度地存在。第二职业是社会分工的一种兼职,只能是制度工时的补充。按照行为科学的有关观点,人的需要具有层次 People engaged in the second occupation, basically for three reasons: First, the unit personnel did not make its best, arrangements, improper use; Second, distribution and reward “big pot”; third is the price rose too fast. The rise and development of the second occupation is a product of the transformation of economic mechanism, breaking the boundaries of industries and regions, facilitating the dissemination of production and science and technology, mobilizing people’s enthusiasm and increasing people’s income. However, its negative effects reflect the “presence of Cao Yingxin in Han” and “the levee dike loss supplement” and so on. In our publishing system, due to the influence of the second occupation on our own work, the situation of dispelling the human beings also exists in varying degrees. The second occupation is a part-time job of the social division of labor and can only supplement the system working hours. In accordance with the relevant point of view of behavioral science, human needs have a hierarchy