利用抗原抗体反应的经典免疫化学程序已应用于毒物的检测。由于大部分毒物为低分子化合物,缺乏抗原性或仅为半抗原,不能诱发免疫反应。必须与大分子蛋白或合成的多肽等结合后方成为完全抗原,用它来免疫动物可产生对该毒物具有特异性的抗体。利用此特异性抗体可直接测定血、尿等生物检材中的毒物含量。采用此种测定法,测定尿 Classical immunochemical procedures that utilize antigen-antibody reactions have been used for the detection of poisons. Since most poisons are low molecular compounds, lack of antigenicity or hapten only, they can not induce an immune response. Must be combined with macromolecule protein or synthetic polypeptide and so on to become the complete antigen, and it can be used to immunize animals to produce antibodies that are specific to the poison. The use of this specific antibody can be directly measured in blood, urine and other biological samples of poison content. Using this assay, urine is measured