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天然聚电解质广泛而大量地存在于动植物中,对生物体的生命活动起着重要的作用,而在工业上又是一个应用广泛的天然材料。海藻中的离子性多糖就是这些天然聚电解质中重要的一族。海藻中的离子性多糖主要是指卡拉胶(carrageenan)、呋西拉兰(furcellaran)、褐藻酸盐(alginate)和琼脂(agar)。这些多糖的一个共同特点是在多糖分子长链上某些确定的位置存在着离子性基团,如卡拉胶其多糖链上就存在亚硫酸基团-SO_3~-(见图1),而褐藻酸盐则在糖链上存在羧基基团-COO~-(见图1)。
Natural polyelectrolytes exist in a wide range of plants and animals, play an important role in the life of living organisms, but in industry is a widely used natural materials. Ionic polysaccharides in seaweed is an important family of these natural polyelectrolytes. The ionic polysaccharides in seaweed mainly refer to carrageenan, furcellaran, alginate, and agar. One of the common features of these polysaccharides is the existence of ionic groups at certain defined positions on the long chain of polysaccharide molecules, such as carrageenan, which has a sulfite group -SO 3 - - on the polysaccharide chain (see Figure 1) Acid salt is present in the sugar chain carboxyl group -COO ~ - (see Figure 1).