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雌激素是女性重要的性激素,它最为人们所熟知的作用是在女性青春期第二性征发育以及性成熟中的突出作用。然而,越来越多的研究表明大脑也是雌激素重要的靶器官,雌激素具有多种神经保护作用,并且动物实验和临床研究已经证实雌激素可以改善绝经后及卵巢切除后女性的认知能力。大脑运转是通过复杂的神经互联网络完成,而各脑区的相互联系主要通过大脑白质完成。基于大脑白质结构在中枢神经系统中的重要地位,本文从雌激素对正常大脑白质大体结构、白质内有髓神经纤维超微结构、白质内少突胶质细胞的影响,月经周期对大脑白质的影响以及雌激素在大脑白质相关疾病中的作用等几个方面,系统回顾了雌激素对大脑白质结构影响的研究进展。
Estrogen is an important sex hormone for women, and its most well-known role is to play a prominent role in the development of sexual characteristics and sexual maturity in adolescent girls. However, more and more studies have shown that the brain is also an important target organ of estrogen, which has various neuroprotective effects. Animal studies and clinical studies have confirmed that estrogen can improve the cognitive ability of postmenopausal and ovariectomized women . The functioning of the brain is accomplished through a complex neural network, and the interconnections of the brain regions are mainly through the white matter of the brain. Based on the important position of the white matter structure in the central nervous system, this article from the estrogen on the general structure of white matter in normal white matter, white matter myelinated nerve fiber ultrastructure, white matter oligodendrocyte, menstrual cycle on white matter Influence and the role of estrogen in white matter-related diseases of the brain, and so on. The progress of research on the effect of estrogen on the white matter structure of the brain was systematically reviewed.