一简介俄国形式主义是盛行于俄国1915年至1930年的一股文学批评思潮,俄国形式主义的组织形式是以雅克布森为首的“莫斯科语言学学会”和以什克洛夫斯基为首的“彼得堡诗歌语言研究会”。俄国形式主义的成员大多是莫斯科大学和彼得堡大学的学生。20世纪初产生的俄国形式主义文学流派对长期以来西方流行的文艺模仿说、社会功能说等学说发起了挑战,鲜明地提出文学的独立自主性,即文艺不是对外部生活的模仿和反映,文艺有其自身的本质和内部规律。由此出发,什克洛夫斯基强调文学理论不应只研究文学的外部关系(如文学与生活、自然,文学与人心的关系等),而应重点研究文学作品本身,研究文学的内部 Brief introduction Russian formalism prevailed in Russia from 1915 to 1930, a trend of literary criticism, the formalism of Russian formalism is led by Jakob Sen “Moscow Linguistic Society ” and Eshklovsky Headed by the “Petersburg poetry language seminar ”. Russian formalists are mostly students at Moscow State University and the University of Petersburg. The Russian formalism schools of the early 20th century have long challenged the literary and artistic imitation that has prevailed in the West for a long time and challenged the theory of social function and so on. They clearly proposed the independence of literature, that is, literature and art are not imitations and reflections of external life, Its own nature and internal law. From this, Shklovsky stressed that literary theory should not only study the external relations of literature (such as literature and life, nature, the relationship between literature and the people), but should focus on the literary works themselves, the research literature