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近年来,公共自行车在国内外发展迅速。国内很多城市采用了公共自行车来满足市民的短途出行需求。代表性的城市有杭州、武汉和上海等。目前,我国公共自行车的运营模式主要有三种:政府主导型、公私合作制以及纯民营方式。从各地的实践来看,这些项目普遍遭遇了融资困境、定价困境和管理困境等发展“瓶颈”。本文尝试从公共经济学和公共管理学角度,分析国内外“公共自行车热”产生的原因,尤其是剖析国内快速城市化和机动化背景下项目产生的根本原因以及运营成败的关键因素;着重探讨公共自行车的准公共产品特征、项目运营的主要模式以及所遭遇的发展困境,进行较为深入的理论定位、模式识别和成因剖析,以期为相关政策的制定和优化提供有价值的借鉴和参考。
In recent years, public bicycles have developed rapidly at home and abroad. Many domestic cities have adopted public bicycles to meet the public’s short-distance travel needs. Representative cities are Hangzhou, Wuhan and Shanghai. At present, there are mainly three modes of public bicycle operation in our country: government-led, public-private partnership and purely private mode. From all over the practice point of view, these projects generally suffered from financing difficulties, pricing difficulties and management difficulties such as development “bottleneck ”. This paper attempts to analyze the causes of domestic and foreign public bicycle hotspots from the perspectives of public economics and public management, especially analyzing the root causes of projects under rapid urbanization and motorization in China and the key factors of operational success or failure. It focuses on the quasi-public product features of public bicycles, the main modes of project operation and the development dilemmas they encounter, carries out more in-depth theoretical positioning, pattern recognition and cause analysis, with a view to providing valuable reference and reference for the formulation and optimization of relevant policies. .