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目的了解自来水生产和供应业可能存在的职业病危害因素,提出预防措施。方法对湖南省湘潭县某自来水生产和供应行业进行职业卫生学调查和作业场所中职业病危害因素检测、评价。结果作业场所空气中氯浓度为<0.2~1.4 mg/m3,硫酸浓度为0.15~0.77 mg/m3,盐酸浓度为1.2~5.2 mg/m3,氨浓度为0.3~2.4 mg/m3,三氯甲烷浓度为32.3~114.0 mg/m3,噪声强度为61.2~90.7 d B(A)。其中制水操作室空气中氯浓度为1.4mg/m3、化验室空气中三氯甲烷浓度为114 mg/m3,均超过国家职业接触限值。结论该自来水厂存在的主要职业病危害因素有二氧化氯、氯气、盐酸、硫酸、硫化氢、氨气、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、噪声、振动、工频电场、高温及热辐射。其职业病防治工作不容忽视,应合理改善作业环境,加强工人的个体防护,保障工人的职业健康。
Objective To understand the possible hazards of occupational diseases in tap water production and supply and put forward preventive measures. Methods Occupational hygiene investigation and occupational disease hazard detection and evaluation in a tap water production and supply industry in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province were conducted. Results The air concentration in the workplace was <0.2-1.4 mg / m3, the concentration of sulfuric acid was 0.15-0.77 mg / m3, the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.2-5.2 mg / m3, the concentration of ammonia was 0.3-2.4 mg / m3, the concentration of trichloromethane Was 32.3 ~ 114.0 mg / m3, and the noise intensity was 61.2 ~ 90.7 d B (A). Among them, the concentration of chlorine in the air of the water-control room was 1.4mg / m3 and the concentration of trichloromethane in the air of the laboratory was 114 mg / m3, all exceeding the national occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The main hazards of occupational hazards in this water plant are chlorine dioxide, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, noise, vibration, power frequency electric field, high temperature and heat radiation. The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases should not be neglected. The working environment should be reasonably improved, the individual protection of workers strengthened, and the occupational health of workers protected.