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上古汉语中类义素多隐藏于单音词专名中,类义素外现,即指原本隐藏在专名中的类别义素外现,成为语素,与原专名共同组成类属词。本文主要讨论地名类类属词的类义素外现。地名是较早大量出现“专名+类名”形式的,地名类词的类义素早在殷商时代就已有外现,但并不多见,仅有少量大名冠小名格式;春秋战国时期开始普遍,出现地名类属词;到两汉时期,“汉语地名多音化的过程”“就已彻底完成”。
In ancient Chinese, the semantic variables are hidden in the proper names of monosyllable names. The external meaning of the semantic elements refers to the external appearance of the semantic elements that are originally hidden in the proper names, becoming the morphemes, which together form the generic terms together with the original proper names. This article mainly discusses the externals of generic elements of generic names of names. Placenames appeared in the form of a large number of early appearances of “proper names + class names”, and the classifiers of toponyms have existed as early as the Shang dynasty but are rare, with only a small number of famous names; During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the generic names of place names appeared. In the Han Dynasty, the process of polyphony of Chinese place names was completely completed.