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目的调查分析运城市城区及农村外来务工妇女分娩后早期纯母乳喂养状况及其改善措施。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取运城市城区及农村外来务工妇女共1 200例,其中城区妇女682例,农村外来务工妇女518例。调查0~6月龄婴儿早期纯母乳喂养情况,总结其改善措施。结果城区妇女年龄大于农村外来务工妇女(P<0.05),且其文化程度大专及以上所占比例,职业构成中机关干部、公司职员、待业/无业/灵活职业所占比例,产假时间及家庭月收入均高于农村外来务工妇女(P<0.05);城区妇女其婴儿开奶时间<2 h所占比例高于农村妇女,开奶时间>24 h所占比例低于农村妇女(P<0.05);农村外来务工妇女纯母乳喂养率高于城区妇女,其人工喂养及混合喂养比例低于城区妇女,其母乳喂养持续时间长于城区妇女(P<0.05);城区妇女断乳原因中母乳量不足、母亲上班所占比例高于农村外来务工妇女,农村外来务工妇女断乳原因中母乳喂养营养不足、辅食替代所占比例高于城区妇女(P<0.05)。结论运城市城区及农村外来务工妇女0~6月龄婴幼儿纯母乳喂养率较低,母乳喂养持续时间较短,且城区婴幼儿母乳喂养持续时间短于农村,整体母乳喂养率较低。
Objective To investigate and analyze the early exclusive breastfeeding status of migrant women in urban and rural areas of Yuncheng City and its improvement measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 1,200 migrant women in urban and rural areas of Yuncheng City, including 682 urban women and 518 rural migrant workers. Investigate the situation of early exclusive breastfeeding of 0 ~ 6 months old infants and summarize the improvement measures. Results The urban women were older than rural migrant workers (P <0.05), and their educational level was higher than that of tertiary education. The occupational cadres, employees, unemployed / flexible occupations, maternity leave and family months (P <0.05). The urban women’s babies’ milk opening time <2 h accounted for a higher proportion than that of rural women, and the proportion of open milk time> 24 h was lower than that of rural women (P0.05) ; The rate of pure breastfeeding of rural migrant workers was higher than that of urban women, the proportion of them in artificial feeding and mixed feeding was lower than that of urban women, and their duration of breastfeeding was longer than that of urban women (P <0.05) The proportion of mothers working in rural areas was higher than that of migrant workers in rural areas. The reasons for weaning in rural migrant workers were that breastfeeding was undernourished and replacement of food supplement was higher than that of urban women (P <0.05). Conclusion Migrant women in urban and rural areas in Yuncheng City have a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-6 months, shorter duration of breastfeeding, and shorter breastfeeding duration in infants and young children in urban areas than in rural areas, resulting in a low overall breastfeeding rate.