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目的分析太原市无偿献血者梅毒及HIV感染状况,为招募低危献血者提供科学依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测太原市2008~2012年无偿献血者血浆标本梅毒抗体和HIV抗体,分析梅毒及HIV感染年度、性别、年龄、文化程度及职业分布。结果太原市2008~2012年无偿献血者血液标本共389 796份,梅毒抗体阳性2 277例,阳性率为0.584%,年度阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.63,P<0.01),但变化无规律;女性阳性率为0.661%,男性阳性率为0.549%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.28,P<0.01),男性41~50岁和女性31~40岁抗体阳性率最高;职业分布以农民和工人阳性率较高,分别为1.028%和0.645%,不同职业人群差异有统计学意义(χ2=248.84,P<0.01);初中及其以下学历者梅毒阳性率最高,为0.877%,不同文化程度人群阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=213.57,P<0.01)。2008~2012年无偿献血者HIV抗体阳性80例,阳性率为0.021%,呈逐年上升趋势;男性阳性率为0.029%,女性为0.015%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.82,P<0.01),且男性阳性率随年龄增长而降低;不同职业及文化程度人群HIV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无偿献血者5年平均梅毒-HIV合并阳性率为0.005%,全部为男性,占男性梅毒抗体阳性者的1.29%。结论太原市无偿献血者HIV抗体阳性率较低但有增高趋势,梅毒5年阳性率较高但无变化规律。梅毒、HIV对血液安全仍造成威胁,应加强对农民、工人及文化程度较低等高危人群献血前的征询。
Objective To analyze the status of syphilis and HIV infection in unpaid blood donors in Taiyuan and provide a scientific basis for recruiting low-risk blood donors. Methods Serum samples of syphilis and HIV were collected from 2008 to 2012 in Taiyuan City by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The annual, sex, age, education level and occupational distribution of syphilis and HIV were analyzed. Results A total of 389 796 blood samples were collected from unpaid blood donors from 2008 to 2012 in Taiyuan City. There were 2 277 positive cases of syphilis antibody with a positive rate of 0.584% (χ2 = 22.63, P <0.01), but the changes (Χ2 = 18.28, P <0.01). The positive rate of antibody was the highest between male 41 to 50 years old and female 31 to 40 years old. The occupational distribution The positive rates of peasants and workers were 1.028% and 0.645%, respectively. The differences among different occupational groups were statistically significant (χ2 = 248.84, P <0.01). The positive rate of syphilis was 0.877% in junior high school and below, There were significant differences in the positive rates among different education groups (χ2 = 213.57, P <0.01). The positive rate of HIV antibody in unpaid blood donors between 2008 and 2012 was 80%, with a positive rate of 0.021%, showing an increasing trend year by year. The positive rate was 0.029% for males and 0.015% for females, with significant difference (χ2 = 28.82, P <0.01) , And the positive rate of males decreased with advancing age. There was no significant difference in HIV positive rate among different occupations and educational levels (P> 0.05). The 5-year mean syphilis-HIV co-positive rate of unpaid blood donors was 0.005%, all male, accounting for 1.29% of male syphilis antibody positive. Conclusion The positive rate of HIV antibody in unpaid blood donors in Taiyuan is low but increasing. The positive rate of syphilis in 5 years is higher but no change. Syphilis and HIV still pose a threat to blood safety. Consultations should be strengthened before donation to farmers, workers and people at high risk of having a low level of education.